10 percent of patients with recurrent optic neuritis and 2 percent of patients with a single optic neuritis.20 percent of patients with a longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis.30 percent of patients with neuromyelitis optica who lack the AQP4 antibody.60 percent of pediatric patients and 40 percent of adult patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.Our work indicates that testing is positive in: Which inflammatory disease phenotypes are associated with the MOG antibody? Sagittal T2 FLAIR image nine months later after immunotherapy shows almost complete resolution of the T2 hyperintense lesions. Sagittal T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image of an adult patient demonstrates multifocal T2 hyperintense lesions in the frontal, occipital and temporal lobes, the corpus callosum, and the brainstem (arrows), consistent with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. It uses a completely novel method of flow cytometry developed by Mayo Clinic to identify patient antibody binding to the MOG protein that is expressed on living cells.įLAIR image of adult patient demonstrates multifocal T2 hyperintense lesionsĪ1. Our test has great sensitivity and specificity. An optic neuritis seems to be a very common presentation of MOG. Patients who have more than one episode of optic neuritis absolutely should have testing. Which patients would benefit from this antibody testing?Īny patient who suddenly presents with vision loss, significant disk edema or recurrent optic neuritis should consider testing for both MOG and AQP4 antibodies. Combined testing allows for the most comprehensive evaluation for patients with recently diagnosed demyelinating diseases. Mayo Medical Laboratories offers testing for both MOG and AQP4 antibodies, either separately or in combination. Yet some MS medications have been reported to worsen diseases that mimic MS. That's important because diseases associated with the MOG antibody - as well as diseases associated with the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody, which was discovered at Mayo Clinic - are commonly misdiagnosed as MS. Testing positive for the MOG antibody indicates that a patient doesn't have classical MS. The MOG antibody can distinguish a spectrum of autoimmune demyelinating diseases from multiple sclerosis (MS). How does this test help with the diagnosis of inflammatory demyelinating diseases? 4 Furthermore, MOGAD lesions in the brain can look like lesions seen in those with ADEM.Mayo Clinic has developed the first test available in the US to identify the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody in patients' blood. 4 MOG antibody disease optic neuritis seems to predominantly affect the retrobulbar region, while AQP-4-associated optic neuritis is found intracranially. MRI findings are similar to those with MS and NMOSD, but there may be some differences. There appears to be no overlap between individuals with anti-MOG positivity and AQP-4 positivity, although there have been some isolated cases reported using the older ELISA assay. 2 Those with persistent detection of anti-MOG may be more likely to have a relapsing rather than monophasic disease course. Unlike anti-AQP4 antibodies, anti-MOG antibodies may decrease over time, and may not be detectable early in the disease process or during remission, and this is especially the case for MOG antibody disease associated ADEM. 2 CSF analysis from a lumbar puncture may show increased white blood cell counts in some patients during a relapse, and oligoclonal bands are not usually found. Only cell-based assays are considered reliable for the diagnosis of MOGAD because of the improved specificity over older ELISA tests. There are blood tests that can test for MOG antibodies. COVID-19 and Rare Neuroimmune Disorders.

Mog antibody disease treatment